Blockchain-enhanced internet of thing networks for data privacy

Authors

https://doi.org/10.22105/metaverse.v1i2.55

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) continues to revolutionize industries by interconnecting billions of devices, but this growth comes with critical challenges related to data privacy and security. Traditional centralized systems for managing IoT data are prone to cyberattacks, data tampering, and breaches, raising concerns about user privacy. Blockchain, a decentralized, tamper-resistant technology, offers a promising solution to these challenges. By integrating blockchain with IoT, data integrity can be ensured through transparent, immutable records. This paper examines how blockchain can enhance IoT networks by improving data privacy, security, and scalability. Case studies from blockchain-based IoT implementations and mathematical models for transaction time and network efficiency are explored.       

Keywords:

Internet of things, Blockchain, Data privacy, Security, Scalability

References

  1. [1] Shafiq, M., Gu, Z., Cheikhrouhou, O., Alhakami, W., & Hamam, H. (2022). The rise of “internet of things”: Review and open research issues related to detection and prevention of IoT-based security attacks. Wireless communications and mobile computing, 2022(1), 8669348. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8669348

  2. [2] Shahid, J., Ahmad, R., Kiani, A. K., Ahmad, T., Saeed, S., & Almuhaideb, A. M. (2022). Data protection and privacy of the internet of healthcare things (IoHTs). Applied sciences, 12(4), 1927. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041927

  3. [3] Aqeel, M., Ali, F., Iqbal, M. W., Rana, T. A., Arif, M., & Auwul, M. R. (2022). A review of security and privacy concerns in the internet of things (IoT). Journal of sensors, 2022(1), 5724168. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5724168

  4. [4] Barik, B., Kar, D., Parida, S., Aeron, D., Mohapatra, H., & Mishra, S. R. (2024). Ensuring security and privacy in loT ecosystems: A comprehensive approach. Journal of network security computer networks, 10(2), 50–66. https://B2n.ir/j85299

  5. [5] Anthony Jnr, B. (2023). Distributed ledger and decentralised technology adoption for smart digital transition in collaborative enterprise. Enterprise information systems, 17(4), 1989494. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2021.1989494

  6. [6] Singh, D. S. (2024). Decentralized finance (DeFi): Exploring the role of blockchain and cryptocurrency in financial ecosystems. International research journal of modernization in engineering technology and science, 5. https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS48585

  7. [7] Al Sadawi, A., Hassan, M. S., & Ndiaye, M. (2021). A survey on the integration of blockchain with IoT to enhance performance and eliminate challenges. IEEe access, 9, 54478–54497. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3070555

  8. [8] Rahman, M. S., Chamikara, M. A. P., Khalil, I., & Bouras, A. (2022). Blockchain-of-blockchains: An interoperable blockchain platform for ensuring IoT data integrity in smart city. Journal of industrial information integration, 30, 100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2022.100408

  9. [9] Habib, G., Sharma, S., Ibrahim, S., Ahmad, I., Qureshi, S., & Ishfaq, M. (2022). Blockchain technology: Benefits, challenges, applications, and integration of blockchain technology with cloud computing. Future internet, 14(11), 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14110341

  10. [10] Dong, S., Abbas, K., Li, M., & Kamruzzaman, J. (2023). Blockchain technology and application: An overview. PeerJ computer science, 9, e1705. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1705

  11. [11] Sapra, N., Shaikh, I., & Dash, A. (2023). Impact of proof of work (PoW)-based blockchain applications on the environment: A systematic review and research agenda. Journal of risk and financial management, 16(4), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16040218

  12. [12] Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. IEEE access, 4, 2292–2303. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339

  13. [13] Shafiq, M., Gu, Z., Cheikhrouhou, O., Alhakami, W., & Hamam, H. (2022). The rise of “internet of things”: Review and open research issues related to detection and prevention of IoT-based security attacks. Wireless communications and mobile computing, 2022(1), 8669348. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8669348

  14. [14] Shahid, J., Ahmad, R., Kiani, A. K., Ahmad, T., Saeed, S., & Almuhaideb, A. M. (2022). Data protection and privacy of the internet of healthcare things (IoHTs). Applied sciences, 12(4), 1927. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041927

  15. [15] Aqeel, M., Ali, F., Iqbal, M. W., Rana, T. A., Arif, M., & Auwul, M. R. (2022). A review of security and privacy concerns in the internet of things (IoT). Journal of sensors, 2022(1), 5724168. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5724168

  16. [16] Barik, B., Kar, D., Parida, S., Aeron, D., Mohapatra, H., & Mishra, S. R. (2024). Ensuring security and privacy in loT ecosystems: A comprehensive approach. Journal of network security computer networks, 10(2), 50–66. https://B2n.ir/j85299

  17. [17] Anthony Jnr, B. (2023). Distributed ledger and decentralised technology adoption for smart digital transition in collaborative enterprise. Enterprise information systems, 17(4), 1989494. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2021.1989494

  18. [18] Singh, D. S. (2024). Decentralized finance (DeFi): Exploring the role of blockchain and cryptocurrency in financial ecosystems. International research journal of modernization in engineering technology and science, 5. https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS48585

  19. [19] Al Sadawi, A., Hassan, M. S., & Ndiaye, M. (2021). A survey on the integration of blockchain with IoT to enhance performance and eliminate challenges. IEEe access, 9, 54478–54497. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3070555

  20. [20] Rahman, M. S., Chamikara, M. A. P., Khalil, I., & Bouras, A. (2022). Blockchain-of-blockchains: An interoperable blockchain platform for ensuring IoT data integrity in smart city. Journal of industrial information integration, 30, 100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2022.100408

  21. [21] Habib, G., Sharma, S., Ibrahim, S., Ahmad, I., Qureshi, S., & Ishfaq, M. (2022). Blockchain technology: Benefits, challenges, applications, and integration of blockchain technology with cloud computing. Future internet, 14(11), 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14110341

  22. [22] Dong, S., Abbas, K., Li, M., & Kamruzzaman, J. (2023). Blockchain technology and application: An overview. PeerJ computer science, 9, e1705. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1705

  23. [23] Sapra, N., Shaikh, I., & Dash, A. (2023). Impact of proof of work (PoW)-based blockchain applications on the environment: A systematic review and research agenda. Journal of risk and financial management, 16(4), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16040218

  24. [24] Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. IEEE access, 4, 2292–2303. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339

  25. [25] Shafiq, M., Gu, Z., Cheikhrouhou, O., Alhakami, W., & Hamam, H. (2022). The rise of “internet of things”: Review and open research issues related to detection and prevention of IoT-based security attacks. Wireless communications and mobile computing, 2022(1), 8669348. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8669348

  26. [26] Shahid, J., Ahmad, R., Kiani, A. K., Ahmad, T., Saeed, S., & Almuhaideb, A. M. (2022). Data protection and privacy of the internet of healthcare things (IoHTs). Applied sciences, 12(4), 1927. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041927

  27. [27] Aqeel, M., Ali, F., Iqbal, M. W., Rana, T. A., Arif, M., & Auwul, M. R. (2022). A review of security and privacy concerns in the internet of things (IoT). Journal of sensors, 2022(1), 5724168. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5724168

  28. [28] Barik, B., Kar, D., Parida, S., Aeron, D., Mohapatra, H., & Mishra, S. R. (2024). Ensuring security and privacy in loT ecosystems: A comprehensive approach. Journal of network security computer networks, 10(2), 50–66. https://B2n.ir/j85299

  29. [29] Anthony Jnr, B. (2023). Distributed ledger and decentralised technology adoption for smart digital transition in collaborative enterprise. Enterprise information systems, 17(4), 1989494. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2021.1989494

  30. [30] Singh, D. S. (2024). Decentralized finance (DeFi): Exploring the role of blockchain and cryptocurrency in financial ecosystems. International research journal of modernization in engineering technology and science, 5. https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS48585

  31. [31] Al Sadawi, A., Hassan, M. S., & Ndiaye, M. (2021). A survey on the integration of blockchain with IoT to enhance performance and eliminate challenges. IEEe access, 9, 54478–54497. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3070555

  32. [32] Rahman, M. S., Chamikara, M. A. P., Khalil, I., & Bouras, A. (2022). Blockchain-of-blockchains: An interoperable blockchain platform for ensuring IoT data integrity in smart city. Journal of industrial information integration, 30, 100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2022.100408

  33. [33] Habib, G., Sharma, S., Ibrahim, S., Ahmad, I., Qureshi, S., & Ishfaq, M. (2022). Blockchain technology: Benefits, challenges, applications, and integration of blockchain technology with cloud computing. Future internet, 14(11), 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14110341

  34. [34] Dong, S., Abbas, K., Li, M., & Kamruzzaman, J. (2023). Blockchain technology and application: An overview. PeerJ computer science, 9, e1705. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1705

  35. [35] Sapra, N., Shaikh, I., & Dash, A. (2023). Impact of proof of work (PoW)-based blockchain applications on the environment: A systematic review and research agenda. Journal of risk and financial management, 16(4), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16040218

  36. [36] Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. IEEE access, 4, 2292–2303. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339

  37. [37] Shafiq, M., Gu, Z., Cheikhrouhou, O., Alhakami, W., & Hamam, H. (2022). The rise of “internet of things”: Review and open research issues related to detection and prevention of IoT-based security attacks. Wireless communications and mobile computing, 2022(1), 8669348. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8669348

  38. [38] Shahid, J., Ahmad, R., Kiani, A. K., Ahmad, T., Saeed, S., & Almuhaideb, A. M. (2022). Data protection and privacy of the internet of healthcare things (IoHTs). Applied sciences, 12(4), 1927. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041927

  39. [39] Aqeel, M., Ali, F., Iqbal, M. W., Rana, T. A., Arif, M., & Auwul, M. R. (2022). A review of security and privacy concerns in the internet of things (IoT). Journal of sensors, 2022(1), 5724168. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5724168

  40. [40] Barik, B., Kar, D., Parida, S., Aeron, D., Mohapatra, H., & Mishra, S. R. (2024). Ensuring security and privacy in loT ecosystems: A comprehensive approach. Journal of network security computer networks, 10(2), 50–66. https://B2n.ir/j85299

  41. [41] Anthony Jnr, B. (2023). Distributed ledger and decentralised technology adoption for smart digital transition in collaborative enterprise. Enterprise information systems, 17(4), 1989494. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2021.1989494

  42. [42] Singh, D. S. (2024). Decentralized finance (DeFi): Exploring the role of blockchain and cryptocurrency in financial ecosystems. International research journal of modernization in engineering technology and science, 5. https://www.doi.org/10.56726/IRJMETS48585

  43. [43] Al Sadawi, A., Hassan, M. S., & Ndiaye, M. (2021). A survey on the integration of blockchain with IoT to enhance performance and eliminate challenges. IEEe access, 9, 54478–54497. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3070555

  44. [44] Rahman, M. S., Chamikara, M. A. P., Khalil, I., & Bouras, A. (2022). Blockchain-of-blockchains: An interoperable blockchain platform for ensuring IoT data integrity in smart city. Journal of industrial information integration, 30, 100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2022.100408

  45. [45] Habib, G., Sharma, S., Ibrahim, S., Ahmad, I., Qureshi, S., & Ishfaq, M. (2022). Blockchain technology: Benefits, challenges, applications, and integration of blockchain technology with cloud computing. Future internet, 14(11), 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14110341

  46. [46] Dong, S., Abbas, K., Li, M., & Kamruzzaman, J. (2023). Blockchain technology and application: An overview. PeerJ computer science, 9, e1705. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1705

  47. [47] Sapra, N., Shaikh, I., & Dash, A. (2023). Impact of proof of work (PoW)-based blockchain applications on the environment: A systematic review and research agenda. Journal of risk and financial management, 16(4), 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16040218

  48. [48] Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. IEEE access, 4, 2292–2303. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339

Published

2024-03-16

How to Cite

Rani, V. . (2024). Blockchain-enhanced internet of thing networks for data privacy. Metaversalize, 1(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.22105/metaverse.v1i2.55